{"id":12012,"date":"2021-09-17T09:53:23","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T07:53:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/aktualita\/emise-euro-6-a-limity-dalsiho-vyvoje\/"},"modified":"2021-09-17T09:53:23","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T07:53:23","slug":"emise-euro-6-a-limity-dalsiho-vyvoje","status":"publish","type":"aktualita","link":"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/en\/aktualita\/emise-euro-6-a-limity-dalsiho-vyvoje\/","title":{"rendered":"Emise Euro 6 a&nbsp;limity dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>17.&nbsp;9.&nbsp;2021 \/ <strong>N\u00e1roky st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a&nbsp;Evropsk\u00e9 unie na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9 a&nbsp;technologick\u00fd pokrok na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 jsou ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem limituj\u00edc\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 ohrani\u010duj\u00ed r\u00e1mec nov\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00e1konn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na budouc\u00ed emise nov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch a&nbsp;homologovan\u00fdch silni\u010dn\u00edch vozidel. \u010cl\u00e1nek rekapituluje d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed poznatky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 regulatorn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b a&nbsp;o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch v\u00fdhled\u016f do budoucna.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00davodem je dobr\u00e9 zopakovat, \u017ee soudob\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed po\u017eadavky jsou souhrnn\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 pojmem Euro 6 (pro osobn\u00ed a&nbsp;lehk\u00e1 u\u017eitkov\u00e1 vozidla) nebo Euro VI (pro n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla a&nbsp;autobusy. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b traktor\u016f jsou ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako stupe\u0148 V&nbsp;(nebo Stage V), co\u017e technologicky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 silni\u010dn\u00edm (t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm) motor\u016fm Euro VI. Obdobn\u00e1 logika ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201eo stupe\u0148 v\u00fd\u0161\u201c bude tedy patrn\u011b platn\u00e1 i&nbsp;v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nov\u00fdch norem Euro 7\/VII, resp. Stage VI.<\/p>\n<h6>Kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj technick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed ke sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed<\/h6>\n<p>Vzhledem ke zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed emisn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj technologi\u00ed pohonn\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f bude muset intenzivn\u011b pokra\u010dovat. Pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodlivin konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i ji\u017e nyn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed oblasti (v\u00a0z\u00e1vorce jsou nast\u00edn\u011bna jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>studen\u00fd start motoru a\u00a0velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 j\u00edzdy (dodate\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pro oh\u0159ev, v\u010d. p\u0159edeh\u0159evu katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f, pop\u0159. vyu\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu p\u0159is\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vzduchu),<\/li>\n<li>n\u00edzk\u00e9 \/minusov\u00e9\/ teploty okol\u00ed (\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed viz v\u00fd\u0161e),<\/li>\n<li>volnob\u011bh a\u00a0j\u00edzda s\u00a0n\u00edzk\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm (\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed viz v\u00fd\u0161e),<\/li>\n<li>j\u00edzda s\u00a0vysok\u00fdm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm (dostate\u010dn\u011b dimenzovan\u00e9 katalyz\u00e1tory i\u00a0pro vysok\u00fd pr\u016ftok v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch spalin),<\/li>\n<li>emise NO<sub>x<\/sub> u\u00a0naftov\u00fdch motor\u016f (zdvojen\u00fd syst\u00e9m SCR v\u00a0s\u00e9riov\u00e9m uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed),<\/li>\n<li>regenerace filtru pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost filtrace i\u00a0pro nano\u010d\u00e1stice a\u00a0regenerace na \u010dist\u00fd stav),<\/li>\n<li>emise PN (osazen\u00ed v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my viz v\u00fd\u0161e),<\/li>\n<li>emise NH\u2083 u&nbsp;naftov\u00fdch motor\u016f (v\u00fdzbroj katalyz\u00e1torem ASC) a&nbsp;benzinov\u00fdch motor\u016f (v\u00fdzbroj pomoc\u00ed oxida\u010dn\u00edho katalyz\u00e1toru ASC\/CUC v&nbsp;kombinace se syst\u00e9mem sekund\u00e1rn\u00edho vzduchu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Pozn\u00e1mka: za studen\u00fd start se obvykle pova\u017euje spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed motoru s&nbsp;teplotou motoru (chladiva) ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 40\u00b0C. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee st\u00e1le, bohu\u017eel, chyb\u00ed jasn\u011b definovan\u00e9 po\u017eadavky budouc\u00edch norem \u00farovn\u011b Euro 7\/VII, z\u00a0dostupn\u00fdch informac\u00ed lze usoudit, \u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0\u00favahu r\u016fzn\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e mo\u017en\u00e9ho zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed emisn\u00edch limit\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zvolen jako z\u00e1klad pro Euro 7\/VII. Pro bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu uve\u010fme d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stru\u010dnou p\u0159ehledovou tabulku t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se emis\u00ed NO<sub>x<\/sub>, kter\u00e1 byla koncem minul\u00e9ho roku p\u0159edm\u011btem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Euro 7 \u2013 naftov\u00e1 osobn\u00ed vozidla: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A: 60 mg\/km;<\/li>\n<li>B: 35 mg\/km;<\/li>\n<li>C: 25 mg\/km (mo\u017en\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost od 1.&nbsp;1.&nbsp;2025)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Euro VII \u2013 naftov\u00e1 u\u017eitkov\u00e1 vozidla s\u00a0celkovou hmotnost\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 7,5 t: <\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A: 230 mg\/kWh;<\/li>\n<li>B: 100 mg\/kWh;<\/li>\n<li>C: 30 mg\/kWh (mo\u017en\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnost od 1.&nbsp;1.&nbsp;2027)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>V\u00a0kontextu je vhodn\u00e9 p\u0159ipomenout sou\u010dasn\u00e9 limity Euro 6\/VI, kde v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b NO<sub>x<\/sub> u\u00a0osobn\u00edch vozidel \u010din\u00ed 80 mg\/km a\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel s\u00a0naftov\u00fdm motorem \u010din\u00ed 460 mg\/kWh (pro dynamick\u00fd m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed cyklus WHTC). Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho je tedy z\u0159ejm\u00e1 snaha o\u00a0drastick\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed limit\u016f \u0161kodlivin (i\u00a0t\u011bch ostatn\u00edch \u2013 CO, HC, PM\/PN\u2026) v\u00a0horizontu n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo rok\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 anulov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho existuj\u00edc\u00edho rozd\u00edlu mezi konstruk\u010dn\u011b srovnateln\u00fdmi typy lehk\u00fdch vozidel, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm mezi M1 a&nbsp;N1. Kategorizace lehk\u00fdch a&nbsp;typicky u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel m\u016f\u017ee nastat na z\u00e1klad\u011b jin\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f \u2013 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed technicky p\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9 hmotnosti, nam\u00edsto provozn\u00ed jako v&nbsp;sou\u010dasnosti, a&nbsp;pom\u011brov\u00e9ho ukazatele syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu pohonn\u00e9ho agreg\u00e1tu v\u016f\u010di t\u00e9to maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed hmotnosti.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-10174 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval.jpg 2107w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-250x169.jpg 250w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-700x473.jpg 700w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-768x519.jpg 768w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-1536x1038.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-2048x1384.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-1900x1284.jpg 1900w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/ilustracni-foto-zdroj-arval-120x81.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f (Euro 7) nav\u00edc hroz\u00ed zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i RDE, kdy by se tzv. faktor shody (<em>conformity faktor, CF<\/em>) sn\u00ed\u017eil u\u00a0NO<sub>x<\/sub> na mo\u017en\u00e1 jen 1,32 (<em>z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edch 1,43<\/em>), anebo se zcela odbour\u00e1, nav\u00edc je\u0161t\u011b s\u00a0mo\u017en\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm okrajov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek RDE (<em>ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed minus teploty, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u010d. j\u00edzdy s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsn\u00fdm voz\u00edkem atp.<\/em>), co\u017e by znamenalo stejn\u00e9 limity pro re\u00e1lnou j\u00edzdu jako pro emisn\u00ed laborato\u0159. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159itom bude nutn\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u0161it protich\u016fdn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky v\u010detn\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u00edch situac\u00ed (viz \u00favod \u010dl\u00e1nku): start a&nbsp;j\u00edzda vozidla za n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot \u2013 p\u0159i minusov\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch hroz\u00ed riziko \u201ezamrznut\u00ed\u201c SCR, vysok\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch s&nbsp;neoh\u0159\u00e1t\u00fdm aftertreatmentem, nav\u00edc v&nbsp;kombinaci s&nbsp;mo\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159ipojen\u00edm p\u0159\u00edv\u011bsu nebo j\u00edzdou ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce, mo\u017en\u00e9 omezen\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch strategi\u00ed proti po\u0161kozen\u00ed motoru apod.<\/p>\n<p>R\u016fzn\u00e9 technologie n\u00e1sledn\u00e9ho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdfukov\u00fdch plyn\u016f pracuj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00fdch principech a&nbsp;ka\u017ed\u00e1 m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a&nbsp;nev\u00fdhody \u2013 bude nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it tak\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se sekund\u00e1rn\u00edmi emisemi \u0161kodlivin, je nap\u0159. problematick\u00e9 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed NH\u2083 u&nbsp;benzinov\u00fdch motor\u016f nebo N\u2082O\/sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn u&nbsp;vzn\u011btov\u00fdch motor\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f na zaru\u010denou emisn\u00ed \u017eivotnost: v&nbsp;p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b osobn\u00edch automobil\u016f na 240 tis. km (<em>z dne\u0161<\/em><em>n\u00edch 160 tis. km<\/em>), nebo 15 let; u&nbsp;u\u017eitkov\u00fdch (<em>kat. N3<\/em>) na 1200 tis. km (<em>z dne\u0161n\u00edch 600 tis. km<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-9442 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-250x188.jpg 250w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-700x525.jpg 700w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-1900x1425.jpg 1900w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/tuv-sud-rde-1-120x90.jpg 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Z technick\u00e9ho pohledu se v\u0161ak jev\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9, aby p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed nov\u00fdch emisn\u00edch limit\u016f byly zohledn\u011bny mo\u017enosti sou\u010dasn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed techniky, v\u010detn\u011b existuj\u00edc\u00ed nep\u0159esnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 metodou m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, zp\u016fsob stanoven\u00ed emisn\u00edch limit\u016f odvisl\u00fd nap\u0159. od kategorie vozidla \u010di pou\u017eit\u00e9ho paliva, i&nbsp;fakt, \u017ee nastaven\u00e9 limity se budou uplat\u0148ovat p\u0159i kontroln\u00edch ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edch m\u011b\u0159en\u00edch z&nbsp;hlediska stability parametr\u016f s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch vozidel a&nbsp;jejich pohonn\u00fdch agreg\u00e1t\u016f. Ji\u017e dnes se u&nbsp;mnoha m\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch veli\u010din nov\u00fdch typ\u016f pohon\u016f nam\u011b\u0159\u00ed tzv. technick\u00e1 nula a&nbsp;koncentrace \u0161kodlivin m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed stejn\u00e1 na v\u00fdfuku z&nbsp;motoru jako v&nbsp;nas\u00e1van\u00e9m vzduchu do motoru.<\/p>\n<h6>Dal\u0161\u00ed sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f<\/h6>\n<p>V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se nejm\u00e9n\u011b v&nbsp;regionu EU o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 aplikace ur\u010dit\u00fdch restrikc\u00ed stran regulace spot\u0159eby paliva a&nbsp;produkce CO\u2082, minim\u00e1ln\u011b co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 velkos\u00e9riov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f vozidel; nelze vylou\u010dit ani ur\u010dit\u00e1 omezen\u00ed nebo finan\u010dn\u00ed stimul\u00e1tory na stran\u011b koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f vozidel pro postupn\u011b v\u0161echny kategorie silni\u010dn\u00edch vozidel.<\/p>\n<p>Proklamovan\u00e1 strategie sou\u010dasn\u00fdch l\u00eddr\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 komise a\u00a0jejich odborn\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch skupin z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nad\u00e1le s\u00a0c\u00edlem provozovat v\u00a0\u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00edch od roku 2050 uhl\u00edkov\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravu. V\u00a0odborn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se objevuj\u00ed n\u00e1zory, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161it tlak tak\u00e9 na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f \u2013 metanu CH\u2084 a\u00a0oxidu dusn\u00e9ho N\u2082O, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed n\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek ne\u017e CO\u2082. Lze tedy p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee bude kladen d\u016fraz na m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a\u00a0mo\u017en\u00e9 limitovan\u00ed uveden\u00fdch \u201e\u0161kodlivin\u201c, a\u0165 u\u017e je jejich p\u016fvod ze spalov\u00e1n\u00ed paliva (CH\u2084) nebo jako sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed emise aftertreatmentu (N\u2082O).<\/p>\n<p>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u0161ech zmi\u0148ovan\u00fdch, zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f lze tak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee se pro budoucnost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed paleta pohon\u016f, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00a0n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm duchu (<em>seznam je jen pr\u016f\u0159ezov\u00fd<\/em>):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pou\u017eit\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00edch pohon\u016f (benzin, nafta, CNG) v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0elektrifikovan\u00fdm stupn\u011bm pohonu \u201ehybrid\u201c (vysokonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fd nebo mild hybrid nebo ze s\u00edt\u011b dob\u00edjen\u00fd plug-in hybrid),<\/li>\n<li>nasazen\u00ed \u010dist\u011b elektrick\u00fdch pohon\u016f pro osobn\u00ed a\u00a0lehk\u00e1 u\u017eitkov\u00e1 vozidla, pop\u0159. m\u011bstskou p\u0159epravu cestuj\u00edc\u00edch (autobusy \u010dist\u011b elektrick\u00e9, s\u00a0r\u016fznou mo\u017enost\u00ed dob\u00edjen\u00ed \u2013 kabel, trolej apod.),<\/li>\n<li>roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pohonu na zemn\u00ed plyn (NG) pro t\u011b\u017ekou silni\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159epravu s\u00a0pou\u017eit\u00edm tradi\u010dn\u00edho CNG nebo LNG (d\u00e1lkov\u00e1 tranzitn\u00ed kamionov\u00e1 doprava),<\/li>\n<li>vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch druh\u016f um\u011ble p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch uhlovod\u00edkov\u00fdch paliv (hydrogenovan\u00fd rafinovan\u00fd olej, dimetyleter, etanol&#8230; a\u00a0jejich sm\u011bsi)<\/li>\n<li>perspektivn\u00ed pohon H\u2082, v\u00a0\u010dist\u00e9 podob\u011b do palivov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f (pro elektrick\u00e9 resp. hybridn\u00ed pohony), nebo \u201ene\u010dist\u00e9\u201c pro modifikovan\u00fd spalovac\u00ed motor (zde se nab\u00edz\u00ed palivov\u00e1 kombinace H\u2082 a\u00a0zemn\u00edho plynu).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s&nbsp;t\u00edm se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010dasov\u011b paraleln\u00ed zaveden\u00ed povinnosti m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a&nbsp;v\u00fdpo\u010dtu emis\u00ed CO\u2082 (<em>resp. spot\u0159eby paliva<\/em>) pro nov\u00e9 kategorie u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel a&nbsp;patrn\u011b tak\u00e9 pro autobusy, i&nbsp;kdy\u017e by k&nbsp;tomu nem\u011blo doj\u00edt p\u0159ed rokem 2025.<\/p>\n<h6>OBD vs. OBM<\/h6>\n<p>V\u00a0r\u00e1mci nov\u00fdch norem Euro 7\/VII se r\u00fdsuj\u00ed i\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed nadstavbov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na funkce OBD (<em>On Board Diagnostic<\/em>), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e OBD z\u016fstane kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm prvkem vnit\u0159n\u00ed diagnostiky za \u00fa\u010delem sledov\u00e1n\u00ed emisn\u011b-relevantn\u00edch funkc\u00ed a\u00a0monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din jejich neshody, pakli\u017ee se vyskytne. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b jeho konstruk\u010dn\u00ed softwarovou nadstavbou bude z\u0159ejm\u011b funkce tzv. On Board Monitoring (OBM), kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed potvrzen\u00ed shody s\u00a0pln\u011bn\u00edm emisn\u00edho limitu po dobu provozov\u00e1n\u00ed vozidla.<\/p>\n<p>Krom\u011b funkc\u00ed spadaj\u00edc\u00edch pod OBD by tak z\u00a0funkce OBM m\u011blo b\u00fdt mo\u017eno z\u00edskat informace o\u00a0tom, zda je vozidlo technicky zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 k\u00a0emisn\u00edmu kontroln\u00edmu p\u0159em\u011b\u0159en\u00ed (<em>pomoc\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00edho sd\u011blova\u010de tzv. TCI, Testing Conformity Indicator<\/em>), zda m\u00e1 vozidlo fyzicky odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed spot\u0159ebu paliva (<em>pomoc\u00ed funkce OBFCM, On Board Fuel Consumption Monitoring<\/em>) nebo zda nebyly provedeny ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed z\u00e1sahy do tov\u00e1rn\u00edho nastaven\u00ed (<em>chiptuning, kter\u00fd by nem\u011bl b\u00fdt ji\u017e v\u016fbec provediteln\u00fd, a\u00a0tak se i\u00a0zde objev\u00ed nov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u201ecybersecurity\u201c<\/em>). R\u00e1mcov\u00fdm c\u00edlem z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f pak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt i\u00a0snaha o\u00a0sd\u00edlen\u00ed emisn\u00edho stavu vozidla sm\u011brem ke st\u00e1tn\u00edm kontroln\u00edm a\u00a0dozorov\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9mu z\u00e1stupci v\u00fdrobce vozidla, poskytovan\u00e9ho v\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.<\/p>\n<p>Funkce OBM bude patrn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvat sign\u00e1ly \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed motoru a\u00a0senzory prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010den\u00e9 pro OBD. S\u00a0jeho v\u00fdvojem se v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 dopln\u011bn\u00ed o\u00a0detailn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdzu emisn\u00edch \u0161kodlivin, kritick\u00e9 jsou z\u00a0pohledu z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f, i\u00a0zde zejm\u00e9na NO<sub>x<\/sub> a\u00a0PN (<em>po\u010det \u010d\u00e1stic, tj. nad r\u00e1mec hmotnostn\u00ed zapln\u011bnosti filtru pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic a\u0165 u\u017e u\u00a0benzinov\u00fdch nebo naftov\u00fdch vozidel<\/em>). K\u00a0tomu budou muset b\u00fdt pou\u017eity odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed sn\u00edma\u010de koncentrac\u00ed t\u011bchto l\u00e1tek ve v\u00fdfukov\u00e9m potrub\u00ed \u2013 O\u2082 (<em>\u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e1 lambda-sonda<\/em>), NO<sub>x<\/sub>, PM (<em>dnes standardn\u011b na b\u00e1zi diferenci\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku filtru DPF a\u00a0teplot<\/em>) a\u00a0d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 NH\u2083 (<em>podobn\u011b jako NO<sub>x<\/sub> dnes<\/em>), po\u010det \u010d\u00e1stic PN (<em>s\u00a0nov\u00fdmi principy m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 odporov\u00e9, elektrostatick\u00e9, tzv. diffusion charger nebo laserov\u00e9<\/em>), v\u00fdhledov\u011b tak\u00e9 \u0161kodlivin CO, HC, pop\u0159. CH\u2084.<\/p>\n<h6>Geofancing p\u0159edpokladem dal\u0161\u00edho omezov\u00e1n\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edch emis\u00ed<\/h6>\n<p>Pom\u011brn\u011b nov\u00fdm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 se do n\u011bkter\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed pod\u00farovn\u011b Euro 7\/VII m\u016f\u017ee dostat, je tak\u00e9 funkce tzv. geofancingu (<em>s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm konektivity vozidel<\/em>). Jedn\u00e1 se prakticky o&nbsp;vlastnost vozidel v&nbsp;souvislosti se z\u00f3nou \u010di regionem, do kter\u00e9ho tyto vozy budou vj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bt. Funkce umo\u017en\u00ed v\u010das nastavit j\u00edzdn\u00ed re\u017eim nap\u0159. v&nbsp;\u010dist\u011b elektrick\u00e9m m\u00f3du p\u0159i vjezdu do centra m\u011bst, regulaci rychlosti j\u00edzdy pomoc\u00ed adaptivn\u00edho tempomatu, prediktivn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce vozidla v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na zvolen\u00e9 a&nbsp;satelitem sledovan\u00e9 j\u00edzdn\u00ed trase, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b i&nbsp;budouc\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi vozidly apod. Aktivace geofancingu pro spr\u00e1vnou ekologicko-energetickou funkc\u00ed pohonn\u00e9ho agreg\u00e1tu bude logicky umo\u017en\u011bna p\u0159i spln\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch nezbytn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, zejm\u00e9na nechybov\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f z&nbsp;OBD a&nbsp;dostate\u010dn\u00fdm stavem nabit\u00ed trak\u010dn\u00edch akumul\u00e1tor\u016f p\u0159\u00edp. dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f energie.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs-700x463.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"700\" height=\"463\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-7562\" src=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs-700x463.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs-700x463.png 700w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs-250x165.png 250w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs-120x79.png 120w, https:\/\/autosap.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/avs.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem je mo\u017eno konstatovat, \u017ee ze v\u0161ech v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch skute\u010dnost\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 nutnost p\u0159edpisov\u00e9 harmonizace a\u00a0tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 racionalizace zku\u0161ebn\u00edch metod tak, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 opakovateln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem kontroln\u011b m\u011b\u0159it vozidla nejenom p\u0159i samotn\u00e9 homologaci, ale tak\u00e9 p\u0159i testech CoP (<em>Conformity of Production, shoda s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby nov\u00fdch vozidel<\/em>), ISC\/ISM (<em>In-Service-Conformity nebo In-Service-Monitoring u\u00a0vozidel nasazen\u00fdch v\u00a0provozu<\/em>), MaS (<em>Market Survaillance \u2013 dozor nad trhem<\/em>), eventu\u00e1ln\u011b PTI (<em>Periodic Technical Inspection, pravideln\u00e9 prohl\u00eddky vozidel v\u00a0provozu, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0rozsahu na\u0161\u00ed STK<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Lubo\u0161 Trnka, \u0159editel sekce vlivu vozidel na prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>T\u00dcV S\u00dcD Czech<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>\u00favodn\u00ed foto: zdroj ARVAL<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":10174,"parent":0,"template":"","categories":[38],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Emise Euro 6 a limity dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje - SAP \u2013 Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autosap.cz\/en\/aktualita\/emise-euro-6-a-limity-dalsiho-vyvoje\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Emise Euro 6 a limity dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje - SAP \u2013 Sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"17.&nbsp;9.&nbsp;2021 \/ N\u00e1roky st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a&nbsp;Evropsk\u00e9 unie na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9 a&nbsp;technologick\u00fd pokrok na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 jsou ur\u010dit\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem limituj\u00edc\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 ohrani\u010duj\u00ed r\u00e1mec nov\u011b utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00e1konn\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f na budouc\u00ed emise nov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch a&nbsp;homologovan\u00fdch silni\u010dn\u00edch vozidel. \u010cl\u00e1nek rekapituluje d\u00edl\u010d\u00ed poznatky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 regulatorn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b a&nbsp;o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdch v\u00fdhled\u016f do budoucna. \u00davodem je dobr\u00e9 zopakovat, \u017ee soudob\u00e9 legislativn\u00ed... 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